Centre for Multilevel Modelling

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Professor William Browne

Professor of Statistics

Keywords

  • Multilevel modelling
  • MCMC
  • Bayesian Statistics
  • Random Effect Modelling
  • Applied Statistics
  • Computational Statistics

Biography and research interests

My research spans the area of statistical modelling, from the development of statistical methods to fit realistically complex statistical models to describe real-life problems, through the implementation of those models in statistical software to the application of the methods in several application areas.

Much of my computational work has been in the development of statistical software within the Centre for Multilevel Modelling that I direct with Professor George Leckie and in particular in the development of the MLwiN and StatJR packages. I have also developed the software package MLPowSim for performing power calculations for multilevel models.

My methodological work has been with regard MCMC methods for fitting these multilevel models and also for tailoring MCMC algorithms for specific other models.

With regard applications I have worked on applying multilevel and other statistical models to problems as diverse as bullying in schools, assessing welfare in chickens, modelling herd breakdowns with TB in cattle, investigating nesting behaviour of great tits and the impact of class sizes on primary school children. Much of this work is in collaboration with discipline experts and I firmly believe that statistics and in particular statistical modelling is the glue that binds together interdisciplinary research.

My research has been funded by various sources - my major funder has been the ESRC who have repeatedly funded my work over many years however I have also had my work or collaborative work funded by British Academy, Home Office, BBSRC, EPSRC, NERC, Wellcome, DEFRA, John Oldacre Foundation, RSPCA, DairyCo, UFAW and FAO.

Research grants

My postdoctoral research was initially funded by ESRC for 4.5 years before I started my first lecturing posts and my research has been funded by a variety of sources since 2006. My grants as Principal Investigator sum to around £3 million while my grants as Co-Investigator sum to over £8 million.

Current grants

  • 2020 - 2024 ESRC National Centre for Research Methods, £25,000, NCRM Senior Fellow and lead of Centre Partner (University of Bristol).
  • 2018 - 2024 Bridging the Statistical Skills Gap through Automation and Improved Statistical Training, £0K, Turing Fellow of the Alan Turing Institute
  • 2021 - 2023 Home Office consultancy project on crime data, £42k, Principal applicant

Past grants

Teaching

I am just finishing a 3-year stint as School Education Director (2019-2022) for the School of Education. I have taught statistics and data related units within 3 faculties and delivered many interdisciplinary short courses in many countries over the years.

Current teaching

I have led the Statistics in Education / Introduction to Quantitative Methods unit for our Masters students for several years where I share the teaching of around 120-130 students with Professor George Leckie. I also teach several Introductory Multilevel Modelling workshops each year.

Past teaching

University of Bristol

  • 2023/2024: Unit lead on 1 unit for postgraduates in School of Education (“Introduction to Quantitative Methods/Statistics in Education”) Unit lead for designing faculty unit (“Advanced Quantitative Methods”)
  • 2022/2023: Unit lead on 1 unit for postgraduates in School of Education (“Introduction to Quantitative Methods/Statistics in Education”)
  • 2021/2022: Unit lead on 1 unit for postgraduates in School of Education (“Introduction to Quantitative Methods/Statistics in Education” ) and 1 dissertation workshop for masters students.
  • 2020/2021: Unit lead on 1 unit for postgraduates in School of Education (“Introduction to Quantitative Methods/Statistics in Education” ) and 1 dissertation workshop for masters students.
  • 2019/2020: Unit lead on 1 unit for postgraduates in School of Education (“Introduction to Quantitative Methods/Statistics in Education” ) and supervising 1 MSc dissertation.
  • 2018/2019: Unit lead on 2 units for postgraduates in School of Education (“Introduction to Quantitative Methods/Statistics in Education” and “Exploring and Visualising Data in Education”) and also teaching on “Advanced Quantitative Methods/Multivariate Statistical Methods” Supervising 8 MSc dissertations.
  • 2017/2018: Unit lead on 2 units for postgraduates in School of Education (“Introduction to Quantitative Methods/Statistics in Education” and “Exploring and Visualising Data in Education”) and also teaching on “Advanced Quantitative Methods/Multivariate Statistical Methods” Supervising 10 MSc dissertations.
  • 2015/2016 and 2016/2017: Teaching bought out by URI directing role
  • 2014/2015: Teaching 2 courses (with Liz Washbrook) for postgrads in School of Education (“Introduction to Quantitative Methods/Statistics in Education” and “Advanced Quantitative Methods/Multivariate Statistical Methods”)
  • 2013/2014: Teaching main statistics lectures to vets and Animal Behaviour and Welfare (ABW) students along with stats DSE, additional stats lectures to ABW.
  • 2012/2013: Teaching main statistics lectures to vets and ABW students along with stats and epidemiology DSE, additional stats lectures to ABW. Supervised 3 3rd year dissertation projects. 2011/2012: Teaching main stats lectures to vets and ABW students along with stats and epidemiology DSE, additional stats lectures to ABW and statistics lectures on Meat Science MSc. Supervised 2 3rd year dissertation projects.
  • 2010/2011: Teaching main stats lectures to vets and ABW students along with stats and epidemiology DSE and statistics lectures on Meat Science MSc. Supervised 2 3rd year dissertation projects.
  • 2009/2010: Teaching additional stats lectures on 2nd year Scientific Methods and Ethics unit, Epidemiology DSE on vet course and statistics lectures on Meat Science MSc. Co-Supervising 2 3 rd year dissertation project
  • 2008/2009: Teaching additional stats lectures on 2nd year Scientific Methods and Ethics unit : Supervising 1 3rd year dissertation project
  • 2007/2008: Co-supervising 2 3rd year dissertation projects

University of Nottingham

2006/2007

  • Statistical Concepts and Methods (Autumn term) to 130 second year Mathematics BSc. students.
  • Fundamentals of Statistics (Autumn term) to 5 MSc. in statistics students.
  • Supervising 1 MMath dissertation student.

2005/2006

  • Maths for engineering management (Autumn term) to 105 final year engineering and mathematics BSc students.
  • Analysis of Data (Full year) to 11 final year mathematics BSc students and MSc. statistics students.
  • Advanced Topics in Statistics (Spring term) to 2 MMath fourth year students – teaching 1 of the 3 topics ‘Multilevel modelling’ (11 lectures) including writing the material from scratch.
  • Supervising 1 final year project student and 2 MMath dissertation students on various applied statistics topics.

2004/2005

  • Maths for engineering management (Autumn term) to 110 final year engineering and mathematics BSc students.
  • Analysis of Data (Full year) to 11 final year mathematics BSc students.
  • Supervising 3 final year project students and 1 MMath dissertation students on various applied statistics topics.

2003/2004

  • Maths for engineering management (Autumn term) to 135 final year engineering and mathematics BSc students.
  • Analysis of Data (Spring term) to 30 final year mathematics BSc students.
  • Supervised 2 final year project students on the topic ‘multilevel modelling’.

2002/2003

  • I joined the statistics group in the School of Mathematical Sciences at the University of Nottingham partway through the 2nd semester of the academic year 2002/2003. My teaching was therefore limited to setting and marking an extensive assignment for final year mathematics students (23 students) as part of their ‘Analysis of Data’ course.

1994-1998

  • In my MSc. and PhD. time at Bath I took undergraduate tutorials for both first and second undergraduate mathematics students and for first year Business students. 

The bulk of my other teaching experience has been teaching short courses to other academic staff, non-academic researchers and PhD students. These courses, of which there have been over 50 to date, are typically 3-days long but range from ½ day to 10 days. 

Short Courses and Workshops

  • July 2023: Introductory 3-day MLwiN workshop. University of Bristol (with George Leckie).
  • February 2023: Introductory 2-day MLwiN workshop. Royal Statistical Society (with George Leckie).
  • January 2023: Introductory 3-day MLwiN workshop. University of Bristol (with George Leckie).
  • July 2022: Introductory 3-day MLwiN workshop. University of Bristol (with George Leckie).
  • February 2022: Introductory 2-day MLwiN workshop. Royal Statistical Society (with George Leckie).
  • January 2022: Introductory 3-day MLwiN workshop. University of Bristol (with George Leckie).
  • October 2021: Introductory 3-day MLwiN workshop. Home Office (with George Leckie).
  • July 2021: Introductory 3-day MLwiN workshop. University of Bristol (with George Leckie).
  • February 2021: Introductory 2-day MLwiN workshop. Royal Statistical Society (with George Leckie).
  • January 2021: Introductory 3-day MLwiN workshop. University of Bristol (with George Leckie)
  • January 2020: Introductory 3-day MLwiN workshop. University of Bristol (with CMM team).
  • July 2019: 1-day Small Area Estimation workshop, University of Bristol (with Nikos Tzaridis).
  • July 2017: Introductory 3-day MLwiN workshop. University of Bristol (with CMM team).
  • January 2017: Introductory 3-day MLwiN workshop. University of Bristol (with CMM team).
  • July 2016: 1-day Stat-JR Workflow & eBook workshop, University of Bristol (with CMM team).
  • January 2016: Introductory 3-day MLwiN workshop. University of Bristol (with CMM team).
  • September 2015: 3-day Advanced MCMC modelling workshop. University of Southampton (with George Leckie).
  • February 2015: 1-day Writing eBooks using the Stat-JR package. University of Edinburgh (with CMM team)
  • January 2015: 3-day Introductory MLwiN workshop. University of Bristol (with CMM team).
  • September 2014: 1-day Writing eBooks using the Stat-JR package. University of Bristol (with CMM team)
  • July 2014:  1-day Modelling Longitudinal Data using the Stat-JR package. RMF, Oxford (with George Leckie) 
  • April 2014: 3-day Advanced MCMC modelling workshop. University of Bristol (with CMM team).
  • April 2014: 2-day Introductory MLwiN workshop. ESRI Dublin (with George Leckie).
  • January 2014: 3-day Introductory MLwiN workshop. University of Bristol (with CMM team).
  • September 2013: 3-day Research Multilevel Workshop. University of Bristol (with CMM team).
  • July 2013: ½ day workshop on Multilevel Modelling. Lowestoft as part of NCSE summer conference
  • July 2013: 1-day Modelling Longitudinal Data using the Stat-JR package. University of Bristol (with Fiona Steele).
  • June 2013: Introductory 3-day MLwiN workshop. University of Swansea (with Fiona Steele).
  • April 2013: 3-day Discrete Response modelling workshop. University of Bristol (with CMM team).
  • January 2013: Introductory 3-day MLwiN workshop. University of Bristol (with CMM team).
  • July 2012: 3-day Workshop using the Health Survey of England dataset, Cathie Marsh Centre, University of Manchester (with Mark Tranmer, Vanessa Higgins and Ian Plewis).
  • April 2012: 3-day Advanced MCMC modelling workshop. University of Bristol (with CMM team).
  • January 2012: Introductory 3-day MLwiN workshop. University of Bristol (with CMM team).
  • September 2011: 3-day Research Multilevel Workshop. University of Bristol (with CMM team).
  • January 2011: Introductory 3-day MLwiN workshop. University of Bristol (with CMM team).
  • October 2010: 3-day Workshop using the Health Survey of England dataset, Cathie Marsh Centre, University of Manchester (with Mark Tranmer, Vanessa Higgins and Ian Plewis).
  • December 2009: Introductory 3-day MLwiN workshop. Swedish Society for Social Medicine & The Swedish Epidemiological Association, Malmo, Sweden
  • October 2009: Introductory 3-day MLwiN workshop. University of Edinburgh (with Jon Rasbash).
  • April 2009: Half day workshop on “An Introduction to Random Effect modelling.”at Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (SVEPM) Annual Conference, London.
  • March 2008: Introductory 3-day MLwiN workshop. University of Stirling (with Jon Rasbash).
  • March 2008: Half day workshop on “Does using WinBUGS make you Bayesian?” at Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (SVEPM) Annual Conference, Liverpool.
  • August 20th-24th 2007: Workshop on “An Introduction to Bayesian Analysis and MCMC methods” for University of Prince Edward Island, Canada (with Henrik Stryhn).
  • August 7th-18th 2005: Summer school on ‘Likelihood-based inference for hierarchical/mixed statistical models’ for DINA (Nordic Informatics Network in the Agricultural Sciences) Greve, Denmark. (with Henrik Stryhn)
  • July 7th 2005: Workshop on MLwiN & WinBUGS for ESRC Summer School, University of Southampton. (with Nicky Best)
  • April 6th-8th 2005: Introductory MLwiN workshop. University of Bristol (with MLwiN core team).
  • March 29th-31st 2004: Introductory MLwiN workshop. University of Bristol (with MLwiN core team).
  • June 30th- July 2nd 2003: Introductory MLwiN workshop. Institute of Education, London (with MLwiN core team).
  • April 7th-9th 2003: Introductory MLwiN workshop. University of Bristol (with MLwiN core team).
  • January 8th-10th 2003: Introductory MLwiN workshop. Institute of Education, London (with MLwiN core team).
  • December 9th-11th 2002: MCMC estimation in MLwiN workshop. Massey University, Palmerstone North, New Zealand (with David Draper).
  • September 11th-13th 2002: Introductory MLwiN workshop. Institute of Education, London (with MLwiN core team).
  • June 13th-14th 2002: Introductory MLwiN workshop. University of Verona, Italy (with Andy Jones).
  • May 8th-10th 2002: Introductory MLwiN workshop. Institute of Education, London (with MLwiN core team).
  • April 8th-10th 2002: Introductory MLwiN workshop. University of Bristol (with MLwiN core team).
  • January 8th-10th 2002: Introductory MLwiN workshop. Institute of Education, London (with MLwiN core team).
  • September 5th-7th 2001: Introductory MLwiN workshop. Institute of Education, London (with MLwiN core team).
  • June 27th-29th 2001: Introductory MLwiN workshop. University of Birmingham (with Jon Rasbash and Tony Fielding).
  • June 14th-15th 2001: Introductory MLwiN workshop. University of Verona, Italy (with Andy Jones).
  • April 25th-27th 2001: Introductory MLwiN workshop. Institute of Education, London (with MLwiN core team).
  • April 11th 2001: Workshop on Bootstrap and MCMC methods in MLwiN. University of Amsterdam, Holland (with Harvey Goldstein).
  • February 26th-27th 2001: Introductory MLwiN workshop for the ONS. Institute of Education, London(with MLwiN core team).
  • January 8th-10th 2001: Introductory MLwiN workshop. Institute of Education, London (with MLwiN core team).
  • September 6th-8th 2000: Introductory MLwiN workshop. Institute of Education, London (with MLwiN core team).
  • June 12th-14th 2000: Introductory MLwiN workshop. Institute of Education, London (with MLwiN core team).
  • April 5th-7th 2000: Introductory MLwiN workshop. Institute of Education, London (with MLwiN core team).
  • March 25th -26th 1999:  Introductory MLwiN workshop. Institute of Education, London (with MLwiN core team).
  • April 6th 1998: MCMC methods in MLwiN workshop. Institute of Education, London (with David Draper).

Professional activities

PhD and EdD supervision

I currently jointly supervise 4 PhD students in Education, Bridget Azubuike, Shuxin Liu, Anran Xiongchen and Ainur Muratkyzy (GSOE), 1 in Geography, Mirah Zhang and 1 Turing PhD student in Vet Science, Leo Gorman. I also supervise 4 EdD students, Eunice Chan, Selene Sin Ting Ho, Hannah Hughes and Emma Salari for their EdD dissertations.

I jointly supervised (with Professor Guoxing Yu) PhD student Sha Liu who completed her PhD in 2023 in Education, Bristol, Thesis title: “Investigating the efficacy of automated writing evaluation as a diagnostic assessment tool in L2 writing instruction: A mixed-method study.”

I jointly supervised (with Professor Guoxing Yu) PhD student Jing Zhang who completed her PhD in 2023 in Education, Bristol, Thesis title: “Teachers’ language assessment literacy in the digital age: construct, competence and affecting factors.”

I supervised EdD student Emily Ng Ka Lai who completed her EdD (HK) in 2022 in Education, Bristol. Thesis title: “A quasi-experimental study of the Flipped Classroom Method in a Hong Kong University-Based Associate Degree of Nursing setting.”

I supervised EdD student Jack Kai Kit Ng who completed his EdD (HK) in 2022 in Education, Bristol. Thesis title: “A Study of Leadership in Hong Kong Self-financing Higher Education.”

I supervised PhD student (with Dr Angeline Mbogo Barrett) PhD Student Jinglu Zhang who completed her PhD in 2022 in Education, Bristol, Thesis title: “Assessing and understanding Chinese high school students’ scientific argumentation competence.”

I co-supervised (with Simon Brownhill) EdD student Diah Restu Susanti who completed her EdD in 2020 in Education, Bristol. Thesis title: “The Implementation of the Scientific Approach (SA) in Indonesian 2013 Curriculum for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Classes and Its Influence on Students’ Critical Thinking Development Processes: An In-Depth Case Study of An Indonesian State Senior High School”.

I supervised EdD student Gloria Leung who completed her EdD (HK) in 2020 in Education, Bristol. Thesis title “Evaluation of the Validity of Large-Scale Examinations.”

I supervised EdD student Lim Kim Ying who completed her EdD in 2020 in Education, Bristol. Thesis title “A mixed methods approach to understanding the relationship between computing students’ approaches to learning and academic performance for different entry pathways.”

I supervised (with co-supervisor Helen Manchester) EdD student Joanna Yeung who completed her EdD (HK) in 2020 in Education, Bristol. Thesis title: “Using simulation with Simulated Patients and Peer Role-play for adverse event disclosure training in an undergraduate nursing program: A comparative study.”

I jointly supervised (with Professor Guoxing Yu) PhD student Suh Kwon who completed his PhD in 2019 in Education, Bristol. Thesis title: “The impact of visual cues on second language listening comprehension process and performance: An eye-tracking study.”

I jointly supervised (with Professor George Leckie) PhD student Beatriz Gallo Cordoba who completed her PhD in 2019 in Education, Bristol. Thesis title: “Statistical Methods for Investigating the Ethnic Achievement Gap in Colombia.”

I jointly supervised (with Professor Steve Harris) PhD student, Chris Draper who completed his PhD in 2017 in Biology, Bristol. Thesis title: “Zoo Licensing and Inspection: Using Legislative Requirements to Assess Animal Welfare and Conservation in British Zoos.”

I jointly supervised (with Professor Mike Mendl, Dr James Hodge and Dr Liz Paul) PhD student, Amanda Deakin who completed her PhD in 2017 in Vet Science, Bristol. Thesis title: “Decisionmaking under ambiguity: Cognitive judgement bias in a bird and an insect model”.

I jointly supervised (with Dr Nicola Rooney, Dr Emily Blackwell and Dr Rachel Casey) PhD student, Katie Wonham who completed her PhD in 2017 in Vet Science, Bristol. Thesis title: “Statistical model-based approaches for investigating the welfare of the UK racing greyhound population.”

I jointly supervised (with Professor Fiona Steele) PhD student, Toni Price who completed her PhD in 2017 in AQM, Bristol. Thesis title: “A faster simulation approach to sample size calculations for complex random effect models.”

I jointly supervised (with Dr Roland Baddeley) PhD student, Bobby Glenn Stuijfzand who completed his PhD in 2016 in AQM, Bristol. Thesis title: “Advanced statistical methods to interpret eye movements: What does where one looks tell you about you?”

I jointly supervised (with Dr Jane Murray and Dr Rachel Casey) PhD student, Lizzie Rowe who completed her PhD in 2015 in Vet Science, Bristol. Thesis title: “A longitudinal study of early-life risk factors for feline obesity.”

I jointly supervised (with Professor David Main) PhD student, Cheryl Heath who completed her PhD in 2015 in Vet Science, Bristol. Thesis title: “Statistical approaches to improve the welfare assessment of dairy cattle.”

I jointly supervised (with Professor Ian Dryden) 2 PhD. students, Chris Brignell thesis title “Shape analysis and Statistical Modelling in Brain Imaging” and Kelly Handley thesis title “Statistical Analysis of proteomic mass spectrometry data” who completed their PhDs in the School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham in 2006 and 2007 respectively.

I co-supervised the PhDs of Aurelian Madouasse thesis title “An evaluation of milk recording, somatic cell counts and reproductive performance in a large cohort of dairy herds in England and Wales” at the vet school, University of Nottingham who completed his PhD in 2009, Helen Higgins who completed her PhD in 2013, Peter Down thesis title “Optimising decision making in mastitis control” and Peers David thesis title “Molecular epidemiology and transmission dynamics of S.uberis bovine clinical mastitis” who completed their PhDs in 2016 all with Professor Martin Green.

I was Visiting Professor at Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island and was a member of the supervisory committee for 1 student, Elmabrok Masaoud who completed his PhD in 2009.

Journal Editing and Reviewing

I was (2007-2010) an Associate Editor of the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A.

I was an Associate Editor of the Biometrical Journal (2011-2018)

I have refereed for many journals including recently JRSS A, JRSS C, Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, Computational Statistics, Psychometrika, Statistics in Medicine, Statistics and Computing, and Statistical Methods for Medical Research.

I have reviewed several grant applications for the ESRC, BBSRC, MRC and DEFRA. I serve on the ESRC’s review college and recently their Centres panel. I also serve on the UKRIs Future Leaders grants college and am an EEF Statistical Analysis plan reviewer.

I have reviewed end of grant reports for the ESRC, the UK Department of Health and the US National Science Foundation.

Learned Bodies

I am a Turing Fellow of the Alan Turing Institute (see https://www.turing.ac.uk/people/researchers/william-browne) since 2018 and I have been on the Training Steering Group for the past 5 years.

I have been a Fellow of the RSS (Royal Statistics Society) since 2000 and was a student fellow for several years.

I have been on the Education Committee (2014-15) and was on the Academic Affairs Committee (2011-2014), a member of the council of the RSS (2010-2013) and of the executive of the RSS (2012-2013) and of and the President Nominating Committee (2013). I was also programme chair for the RSS conference in 2015. I am currently on the Teaching Statistics Special Interest Group and the Honours commitee. I served as a member of the General Applications Section (GAS) Committee of the RSS in June 2003-2006 and again in 2010-2011.

I was also elected a member of East Midlands local group committee of the RSS in June 2003 and was Chair from 2004 - 2007.

I was a member of the British and Irish Regional Committee of the International Biometrics Society (2012-2014)

School Governing

I was a school governor at Wrington Church of England primary school from April 2015 until September 2018 and chair of their curriculum committee from 2016-2018. I am now an associate member of the standards committee of the Federation of Wrington and Burrington primaries. I have been on the Members committee for the Cathedral Schools Trust (Multiple Academy Trust) since its launch in 2016 and am now chair of the committee since December 2016.

Publications

I have published well over 100 journal articles resulting in 30482 Google Scholar citations and an h-index of 52 (as of July 2022).

Books (most recent editions)

  1. Lawson, A.B., Browne, W.J., and Vidal-Rodeiro, C. (2003). Disease Mapping using WinBUGS and MLwiN, London: Wiley.
  2. Rasbash, J., Browne, W.J., and Goldstein, H. (2004). The MLwiN command interface version 2.0, London: Institute of Education, University of London.
  3. Browne, W.J. (2009). MCMC Estimation in MLwiN. Version 2.13. Bristol: Centre for Multilevel Modelling, University of Bristol.
  4. Rasbash, J., Steele, F., Browne, W.J., and Goldstein, H. (2009). A User’s Guide to MLwiN, Version 2.10, Bristol: Centre for Multilevel Modelling, University of Bristol.
  5. Browne, W.J., Golalizadeh Lahi, M. and Parker, R.M.A. (2009) A Guide to Sample Size Calculations for Random Effect Models via Simulation and the MLPowSim Software Package. University of Bristol.
  6. Browne, W.J., Charlton, C.M.J., Michaelides, D.T., Parker, R.M.A., Cameron, B., Szmaragd, C., Yang, H., Zhang, Z., Goldstein, H., Jones, K., Leckie, G., and Moreau, L. (2017) A Beginner's Guide to Stat-JR’s TREE Interface version 1.0.5 Universities of Bristol & Southampton
  7. Browne, W.J., Charlton, C.M.J., Michaelides, D.T., Parker, R.M.A., Cameron, B., Szmaragd, C., Yang, H., Zhang, Z., Goldstein, H., Jones, K., Leckie, G., and Moreau, L. (2017) An Advanced User's Guide to Stat-JR version 1.0.5 Universities of Bristol & Southampton
  8. Michaelides, D.T., Yang, H., Browne, W.J., Charlton, C.M.J., and Parker, R.M.A. (2017) eBook USER GUIDE for the eBook system developed as part of the Stat-JR software package Universities of Southampton & Bristol
  9. Browne, W.J., Parker R.M.A., Charlton, C., Michaelides, D. and Moreau, L. (2017) Stat-JR LEAF Workflow Guide (1.0.5) Universities of Bristol & Southampton
  10. Browne, W.J., Charlton, C. and Parker R.M.A. (2017) Developing a statistical analysis assistant using the Stat-JR software system (1.0.5) Universities of Bristol & Southampton 

Book Chapters

  1. Rasbash, J. and Browne, W.J. (2001). Non-hierarchical multilevel models. In Leyland, A. and Goldstein, H. (Ed.) Multilevel modelling with Health Applications, p 93-105. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester.
  2. Goldstein, H. and Browne, W. J. (2002). Multilevel factor analysis modelling using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation. In Marcoulides and Moustaki (Eds.), Latent Variable and Latent Structure Models. p 225-243. Lawrence Erlbaum, New Jersey.
  3. Browne, W.J. and Rasbash, J. (2004). Multilevel Modelling. In Bryman, A. and Hardy, M. (Ed.) Handbook of Data Analysis, p 459-479. Sage Publications, London.
  4. Goldstein, H. and Browne, W.J. (2005). Multilevel Factor Analysis Models for Continuous and Discrete Data. In Maydeu-Olivares, A and McArdle, J.J. (Eds.), Contemporary psychometrics: a festschrift for Roderick P. McDonald, p 453-475. Lawrence Erlbaum, New Jersey.
  5. Rasbash J. and Browne W. J. (2008). Non-Hierarchical Multilevel Models. In De Leeuw, J. and Meijer, E. (Eds.), Handbook of Quantitative Multilevel Analysis. p 301-334Springer, New York
  6. Browne, W.J. and Stryhn, H. (2009) Introduction to Bayesian Analysis. In Dohoo, I., Martin, W. and Stryhn, H. (Eds.) Veterinary Epidemiologic Research (2nd edition) p 637-661 AVC Inc, Charlottetown. 
  7. Stryhn, H. and Browne, W.J. (2012) Introduction to Bayesian Analysis. In Methods in Epidemiologic Research p675-700 Eds. Dohoo, I, Martin, S.W. and Stryhn, H.
  8. Lambert, P.S., Browne, W.J. and Michaelides, D.T. (2015). Contemporary developments in statistical software for social scientists. In Innovations in Digital Research Methods editors P.J. Halfpenny and R. Proctor, SAGE p 143-160
  9. Brignell, CJ, Dryden, IL and Browne, WJ (2016) Covariance Weighted Procrustes Analysis. In Turaga, P.K. and Srivastava, A. (Eds) Riemannian Computing in Computer Vision p189-209 Springer, New York.
  10. Goldstein, H. and Browne, W.J. (2016). Multilevel Models. In Wiley Stats Ref p1-8

  11. Zhang, J., & Browne, W. J. (2023). An Approach to Generating Guidelines for Designing Scientific Argumentation Competence Assessments. Fostering Scientific Citizenship in an Uncertain World - Selected Papers from the ESERA 2021 Conference p.201-218 Springer, Switzerland.

Journal Articles

  1. Browne, W.J. and Draper D. (2000). Implementation issues in the Bayesian fitting of multilevel models. Computational Statistics, 15: 391-420.
  2. Goldstein, H., Rasbash, J., Browne, W.J., Woodhouse, G. and Poulain, M. (2000). Multilevel models in the study of dynamic household structures. European Journal of Population, 16: 373387.
  3. Browne, W. J., Goldstein, H., Woodhouse, G., and Yang, M. (2001). An MCMC algorithm for adjusting for errors in variables in random slopes multilevel models. Multilevel Modelling Newsletter, 13 (1): 4-10.
  4. Browne, W.J., Goldstein, H. and Rasbash, J. (2001). Multiple membership multiple classification (MMMC) models. Statistical Modelling 1: 103-124. (Cited 371 – RAE2008 Bristol Vet)
  5. Yang, M, Goldstein, H., Browne, W.J. and Woodhouse, G. (2002). Multivariate multilevel analyses of examination results. Journal of Royal Statistical Society Series A. 165: 137-153.
  6. Browne, W.J., Draper, D., Goldstein, H. and Rasbash, J. (2002). Bayesian and Likelihood methods for fitting multilevel models with complex level-1 variation. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis. 39: 203-225.
  7. Blatchford, P., Goldstein, H., Martin, C. and Browne, W. J. (2002). A Study of Class Size Effects in English School Reception Year Classes. British Educational Research Journal. 28: 169-185.
  8. Goldstein, H., Browne, W.J., and Rasbash, J. (2002). Multilevel Modelling of Medical Data. Statistics in Medicine. 21: 3291-3315.
  9. Goldstein, H., Browne W.J., and Rasbash, J. (2002). Partitioning Variation in Multilevel Models. Understanding Statistics. 1: 223-232.
  10. Simonite, V., and Browne, W.J. (2003). Estimation of a large cross-classified multilevel model to study academic achievement in a modular degree course. Journal of Royal Statistical Society Series A. 166: 119-134.
  11. Browne, W.J. (2004). An illustration of the use of reparameterisation methods for improving MCMC efficiency in crossed random effect models. Multilevel Modelling Newsletter 16 (1): 13-25
  12. Molyneux, A., Lewis, S., Antoniak, M., Browne, W.J., McNeill, A., Godfrey, C., Madeley, R., and Britton, J. (2004). Prospective study of the effect of exposure to other smokers in high school tutor groups on the risk of incident smoking in adolescence. American Journal of Epidemiology 159: 127-132.
  13. Steele, F., Goldstein, H. and Browne, W.J. (2004). A General Multilevel Multistate Competing Risks Model for Event History Data, with an application to a study of contraceptive use dynamics.  Statistical Modelling 4: 145-159.
  14. Browne, W.J. (2005). MCMC Estimation for Random Effect Modelling: The MLwiN Experience. In Maximising Data Value, Data Use & Re-Use pp 63-72, Association for Survey Computing.
  15. Browne, W.J. (2005). An illustration of the use of reparameterisation methods for improving MCMC efficiency in crossed random effect models. Proceedings in Quantitative Biology, Shape Analysis, and Wavelets, LASR2005, pp31-34, University of Leeds.
  16. Browne, W.J., Subramanian, S.V., Jones, K. and Goldstein, H. (2005). Variance partitioning in multilevel logistic models that exhibit over-dispersion. Journal of Royal Statistical Society Series A. 168: 599-613.
  17. Brignell, C.J., Browne, W.J. and Dryden I.L. (2005). Covariance weighted Procrustes Analysis. Proceedings in Quantitative Biology, Shape Analysis, and Wavelets, LASR2005, pp 107-110, University of Leeds.
  18. Dryden, I.L., Mian, S., Browne, W.J, Handley, K., di Nisio, R. and Rees, R. (2005). Statistical Analysis of SELDI Protein Chip Data from Breast Cancer Cell Lines exposed to Chemotherapeutic Agents. Proceedings in Quantitative Biology, Shape Analysis, and Wavelets, LASR2005, pp 43-46, University of Leeds.
  19. Handley, K., Browne, W.J. and Dryden, I.L. (2005). Bayesian Analysis of SELDI-TOF data. Proceedings in Quantitative Biology, Shape Analysis, and Wavelets, LASR2005, pp 138-141, University of Leeds.
  20. Browne, W.J. (2006). MCMC algorithms for constrained variance matrices. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis. 50: 1655-1677.
  21. Browne, W.J. and Draper D. (2006). A Comparison of Bayesian and likelihood methods for fitting multilevel models (with discussion). Bayesian Analysis. 1: 473-550.
  22. Green, M.J., Bradley, A.J. , Newton, H. and Browne, W.J. (2006) Seasonal Variation of Bulk Milk Somatic Cell Counts in UK dairy herds: Investigations of the Summer Rise. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 74: 293-308.
  23. Browne, W.J., McCleery, R.H., Sheldon, B.C., and Pettifor, R.A. (2007). Using cross-classified multivariate mixed response models with application to life history traits in great tits (Parus major). Statistical Modelling 7: 217-238.
  24. Green, M.J., Bradley, A.J., Medley G.F., and Browne, W.J. (2007) Cow, Farm and Management Factors during the Dry Period that Determine the Rate of Clinical Mastitis after Calving. Journal of Dairy Science 90: 3764--3776.
  25. Green M, Huxley J, Madouasse A, Browne W, Medley G, Bradley A, Biggs A, Breen J, Burnell M, Hayton A, Husband J, Reader J, Statham J and Thorne M, (2007). Making Good Decisions on Dry Cow Management to Improve Udder Health - Synthesising Evidence in a Bayesian Framework. Cattle Practice 15:201-206.
  26. Jang M.J, Lawson A.B., Browne, W.J. and Lee, Y. (2007). A comparison of the Hierarchical likelihood and Bayesian approaches to spatial-temporal modelling. Environmetrics 18: 809-821.
  27. Green, M.J., Bradley, A.J., Medley, G.F. and Browne, W.J. (2008). Cow, Farm and Herd Management Factors in the Dry Period Risk Associated with Raised Somatic Cell Counts in Early Lactation. Journal of Dairy Science. 91: 1403-1415.
  28. Littin KE., Acevedo A., Browne, W., Edgar JL., Mendl M., Owen, D., Sherwin CM., Würbel H., Nicol CJ. (2008) Towards Humane Endpoints: Behavioural Changes Precede Clinical Signs of Disease in a Huntington’s Disease Model. Proc Roy Soc B.. 275: 1865 -1874
  29. Browne, W.J., Golalizadeh, M., Green M.J. , and Steele F. (2009) The use of simple reparameterizations to improve the efficiency of Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation for multilevel models with applications to discrete time survival models Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Series A. 172: 579-598
  30. Green, M.J., Medley, G.F. and Browne, W.J. (2009). Use of Posterior Predictive Assessments to evaluate model fit in multilevel logistic regression. Veterinary Research. 40:30 (Cited 20 – REF2014 Nott Vet)
  31. Green, M.J., Browne, W.J., Green, L.E., Bradley, A.J., Leach, K.A., Breen, J.E. and Medley, G.F. (2009). Bayesian Analysis of a Mastitis Control Plan to Investigate the Influence of Veterinary Prior Beliefs on Clinical Interpretation. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 91 209-217.
  32. Kostoulas P., Leontides L., Browne W. J., Gardner I.A (2009). Bayesian estimation of variance partition coefficients adjusted for imperfect test sensitivity and specificity. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 89: 155-162
  33. Mullan, S., Browne, W.J., Edwards, S.A., Butterworth, A., Whay, H.R. and Main, D.C.J. (2009). The effect of sampling strategy on the estimated prevalence of welfare outcome measures on finishing pig farms. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 119: 39-48
  34. Nicol, C.J., Caplen, G., Edgar, J. and Browne, W.J. (2009) Associations between welfare indicators and environmental choice in laying hens. Animal Behaviour 78 413-424
  35. Taylor, S.S., Goodfellow, M.R., Browne, W.J., Walding, B., Murphy, A., Tzannes, S., GerouFerriani, M., Schwartz, A. and Dobson, J.M. (2009). Feline extranodal lymphoma: response to chemotherapy and survival in 110 cats. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 50: 584-592
  36. Brignell, C.J., Dryden, I.L., Gattone, S.A., Park, B., Leask, S., Browne, W.J. and Flynn, S. (2010). Surface shape analysis with an application to brain cortical surface analysis in schizophrenia. Biostatistics. 11: 609-630
  37. Browne, W.J.,Caplen, G., Edgar, J., Wilson, L.R. and Nicol, C.J. (2010) Consistency, transitivity and inter-relationships between measures of choice in environmental preference tests with chickens. Behavioural Processes 83: 72-78
  38. Browne, W.J., Dryden, I.L., Handley, K., Mian, S. and Schadendorf, D. (2010) Mixed effect modelling of proteomic mass spectrometry data using Gaussian mixtures. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series C. 59: 617-633
  39. Browne, W.J. and Goldstein, H. (2010). MCMC sampling for a random intercepts model with nonindependent residuals within and between cluster units. Journal of Educational and Behavioural Statistics. 35: 453-473
  40. Green, M.J., Medley, G.E., Bradley, A.J. and Browne, W.J. (2010) Management Interventions in Dairy Herds: Exploring within Herd Uncertainty using an Integrated Bayesian Model. Veterinary Research: 41.22.
  41. Kilkenny, C., Browne, W.J, Cuthill, I., Emerson, M., and Altman, D. (2010) Improving bioscience research reporting - ARRIVE-ing at a solution. PLoS Biology 8(6): e1000412. doi:10.1371/ journal.pbio.1000412
  42. Kilkenny, C., Browne, W.J, Cuthill, I., Emerson, M., and Altman, D. (2010) Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments: The ARRIVE Guidelines Journal of Physiology 588: 2519-2521
  43. Kilkenny, C., Browne, W.J, Cuthill, I., Emerson, M., and Altman, D. (2010) Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments: The ARRIVE Guidelines British Journal of Pharmacology 160: 1577-1579
  44. Kostoulas P., Nielsen S.S., Browne W.J. and Leontides, L. (2010) A Bayesian Weibull survival model for time to infection data measured with delay. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 94: 191-201
  45. Madouasse, A., Huxley, J.N., Browne, W.J., Bradley, A.J. and Green, M.J. (2010) Somatic Cell Count dynamics in a large sample of dairy herds in England and Wales. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 96: 56-64
  46. Madouasse, A., Huxley, J.N., Browne, W.J., Bradley, A.J., Dryden, I.L. and Green, M.J. (2010). Use of individual cow milk recording data at the start of lactation to predict the calving to conception interval. Journal of Dairy Science. 93: 4677-4690
  47. Madouasse, A., Huxley, J.N., Browne, W.J., Bradley, A.J. and Green, M.J. (2010) Can We Use Milk Recording Data to Predict Reproduction? An Improvement on the Fat to Protein Ratio. Cattle Practice 18(2) 83-88
  48. Main D.C.J., Barker, Z.E., Leach, K.A., Bell, N.J., Whay, H.R. and Browne, W.J. (2010) Sampling strategies for monitoring lameness in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 93. 1970-1978
  49. Murray, J.K., Browne W.J., Roberts,M.A., Whitmarsh, A. and Gruffydd-Jones, T.J. (2010) Owned cats and dogs in the UK: who owns them and how many are there in England and Wales? Vet Record. 166: 163-168.
  50. Browne, W.J., Caplan, G., Statham, P. and Nicol, C.J. (2011). Mild environmental aversion is detected by a discrete-choice preference testing method but not by a free-access method. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 134 pp152-163
  51. Collins, L.M., Asher, L., Pfeiffer, D.U., Browne, W.J., Nicol, C.J. (2011) Clustering and Synchrony in laying hens: The effect of environmental resources on social dynamics. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 129, 43-53.
  52. Gines, A., Friend, E.J., Vives, M.A., Browne, W.J., Tarlton, J.F. and Chanoit, G. (2011) Mechanical comparison of median sternotomy closure in dogs using polydioxanone and wire sutures. Journal of Small Animal Practice 52 pp582-586
  53. Kilkenny, C., Browne, W.J, Cuthill, I., Emerson, M., and Altman, D. (2011) Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments: The ARRIVE Guidelines Journal of Cerebral blood flow and metabolism 31: 991-993
  54. Masaoud, E., Stryhn, H., Whyte, S. and Browne, W.J., (2011) Statistical Modelling of Neighbour Treatment Effects in Aquaculture Clinical Trials. Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics. 16: 202-220
  55. Nicol, C.J., Caplen, G., Davies, A., Statham, P. and Browne, W.J. (2011) Decisions about foraging and risk trade-offs in chickens are associated with individual somatic response profile. Animal Behaviour 82: 255-262
  56. Nicol, C.J., Caplen, G., Edgar, J., Richards, G. and Browne, W.J. (2011) Relationships between multiple welfare indicators measured in individual chickens across different time periods and environments. Animal Welfare 20, 133-143
  57. Kilkenny, C., Browne, W.J, Cuthill, I., Emerson, M., and Altman, D. (2012) Improving bioscience research reporting – the ARRIVE-ing at a solution. Osteoarthitis and Cartilage 20(4) 256-260.
  58. Madouasse, A., Browne, W.J., Huxley, J.N., Fausto, T., Bradley, A.J. and Green M.J. (2012). Risk factors for a high somatic cell count at the first milk recording in a large sample of UK dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Science 95: 1873-1884
  59. Madouasse, A., Browne, W.J., Huxley, J.N., Fausto, T., and Green, M.J. (2012) A semi-parametric model for lactation curves: Development and application. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 105:3848
  60. Main, D.C.J, Mullan, S., Atkinson, C., Bond, A., Cooper, M., Fraser, A. and Browne, W.J. (2012) Welfare outcome assessments in laying hen farm assurance schemes. Animal Welfare. 21:389-396
  61. Sugiyama, T. Meakin, L.B., Browne, W.J., Galea, G.L., Price, J.S. and Lanyon, L.E. (2012) Bones’ adaptive response to mechanical loading is essentially linear between the low strains associated with disuse and the high strains associated with the lamellar/woven bone transition. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 27:1784-1793
  62. Szmaragd, C., Green, L.E., Medley, G.F, Browne, W.J. (2012) Impact of Imperfect Test Sensitivity on Determining Risk Factors: the Case of Bovine Tuberculosis. PLoS ONE. 7(8): e43116.
  63. Yang, Huanjia, Michaelides, Danius T., Charlton, Chris, Browne, William and Moreau, Luc (2012) DEEP: A Provenance-Aware Executable Document System. In, 4th International Provenance and Annotation Workshop, Santa Barbara, USA, 20 - 21 Jun 2012
  64. Draper, C., Browne, W.J. and Harris, S. (2013). Do Formal Inspections ensure that British Zoos meet and improve on the Minimum Animal Welfare Standards? Animals 3:1058-1072 (Cited 5)
  65. Kostoulas P., Browne W.J., Nielsen S.S., and Leontides, L. (2013). Bayesian mixture models for partially verified data: age- and stage-specific discriminatory power of an antibody ELISA for paratuberculosis. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 111:200-205
  66. Kostoulas P., Nielsen S.S., Browne W.J. and Leontides, L. (2013). Sample size estimation to substantiate freedom of disease for clustered binary data with a specific risk profile. Epidemiology and Infection. 141:1318-1327
  67. Meakin, L.B., Sugiyama, T., Galea, G.L., Browne, W.J., Lanyon, L.E. and Price, J.S. (2013). Group housed male, but not female, mice engage in fighting and have a 7 diminished response to artificial mechanical loading compared to 8 individually housed mice. Bone 54:113-117
  68. Nasr M., Browne, W.J., Caplen, G., Hothersall, B., Murrell, J and Nicol C.J. (2013). Positive affective state induced by opioid analgesia in laying hens with bone fractures. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 147:127-131
  69. Szmaragd, C., Green, L.E., Medley, G.F., and Browne, W.J. (2013). Factors associated with herd restriction and de-restriction with bovine tuberculosis in British cattle herds. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 111: 31-41
  70. Visser, L.C., Keene, B.W., Mathews, K.G., Browne, W.J., and Chanoit, G. (2013). Outcomes and Complications associated with Epicardial pacemakers in 28 dogs and 5 cats (2005-2010). Veterinary Surgery 42: 544-550
  71. Whiting, K., Brown, S, Hadley, P., Browne,W.J., and Knowles, T.G. (2013). The anterior tooth development of cattle presented for slaughter - an analysis of age, sex and breed. Animal. 7/8: 1323-1331
  72. Casamian-Sorrosal, D., Saunders, R., Browne, W.J., Elliot, S. and Fonfara, S. (2014) M-mode, twodimensional and Doppler echocardiographic findings in 40 healthy domestic pet Rabbits.  Journal of Veterinary Cardiology 16:101-108
  73. Casamian-Sorrosal, D., Saunders, R., Browne, W.J., Elliot, S. and Fonfara, S. (2014) Left ventricular radial color and longitudinal pulse-wave tissue Doppler echocardiography in 39 healthy domestic pet Rabbits. Research in Veterinary Science. 97:376-381
  74. Goldstein, H., Carpenter, J. and Browne, W.J. (2014). Fitting multilevel multivariate models with missing data in responses and covariates that may include interactions and nonlinear terms. Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Series A. 177: 553-564
  75. Heath, C.A.E., Lin, Y, Mullan, S., Browne, W.J. and Main, D.C.J. (2014) Implementing Welfare Quality in UK assurance schemes: evaluating the challenges. Animal Welfare 23: 95-107 (cited 19)
  76. Heath, C.A.E., Browne, W.J., Mullan, S. and Main, D.C.J. (2014) Navigating the iceberg: Reducing the number of parameters within the Welfare Quality assessment protocol for dairy cows. Animal 8:1978-1986
  77. Holdsworth, A., Birch, S., Bradley, K., Browne, W.J., and Barberet, V. (2014) Elastography of the normal canine liver, spleen and kidneys.  Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 55:620-627
  78. Leckie, G., French, R., Charlton, C and Browne, W.J., (2014) Modeling Heterogeneous Variance-Covariance Components in Two-Level Multilevel Models. Journal of Educational and Behavioural Statistics. 39:307-332
  79. Munafo, M., Noble, S., Browne, W.J., Brunner, D., Button, K., Ferreira, J., Holmans, P., Langbehn, D., Lewis, G., Lindquist, M., Tilling, K., Wagenmakers, E.-J., and Blumenstein, R. (2014). Scientific rigor and the art of motorcycle maintenance. Nature Biotechnology . 32:871-873
  80. Parker, R.M.A., Paul, E.S., Burman, O.H.P., Browne, W.J. and Mendl, M. (2014) Unpredictable housing affects rat responses to two types of ambiguity in a reward-reward discrimination cognitive bias task. Behavioural Brain Research. 274:73-83
  81. Parker, R.M.A., and Browne, W.J. (2014) The place of Experimental Design and Statistics in the 3 Rs. The ILAR Journal. 55:477-485
  82. Tranmer, M., Steel, D. and Browne, W.J., (2014). Multiple Membership Models for Social Network and Group Dependencies. Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Series A. 177:  439-455
  83. Brignell, C.J., Browne, W.J., Dryden, I.L. and Francis, S.T. (2015) Mixed Effect Modelling of Single Trial Variability in Ultra-High Field fMRI. arXiv: 1501.05763
  84. Murray, J.K., Gruffydd-Jones T.J., Roberts, M.A. and Browne, W.J. (2015). Assessing changes in the UK pet cat and dog populations: numbers and household ownership. Veterinary Record. 177: 259 (doi:10.1136/vr.103223)
  85. Rowe, E., Browne, W.J., Casey, R., Gruffydd-Jones, T.J. and Murray, J.K. (2015) Risk factors identified for owner-reported feline obesity at around one year of age: dry diet and indoor lifestyle. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 121(3) 273-281.
  86. Stone, E., Zeale, M.R.K, Newson, S.E., Browne, W.J., Harris, S. and Jones G. (2015) Managing Conflict between Bats and Human: the Response of Soprano Pipistrelles (Pipistrellus pygmaeus) to Exclusion from Roosts in Houses. PLoS one DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0131825.
  87. Deakin, A., Browne, W.J., Hodge, J.J.L. Paul, E. S. and Mendl, M. (2016) The Screen-Peck Task for Investigating Cognitive Bias in Laying Hens. Plos-One 11 (7) e0158222
  88. Down, P.M., Bradley, A.J., Breen, J.E., Browne, W.J., Kypraios, T. and Green, M.J. (2016) A Bayesian micro-simulation to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of interventions for mastitis control. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 133, 64-72.
  89. Doyle, R.E., Broster, J.C., Barnes, K., and Browne, W.J. (2016) Temperament, age and weather predict social interaction in the sheep flock. Behavioural Processes. 131, 53-58
  90. Heath, C.A.E., Main, D.C.J, Mullan, S. and Browne, W.J. (2016). Sequential sampling: a novel method in farm animal welfare assessment. Animal.
  91. Michaelides, D.T., Parker, R.M.A., Charlton, C., Browne, W.J. and Moreau, L. (2016) Intermediate Notation for Provenance and Workflow Reproducibility. In, 6th International Provenance and Annotation Workshop, Springer p83-94.
  92. Steele, F.A, Washbrook, E., Charlton, C. and Browne W.J. (2016) A longitudinal mixed logit model for estimation of push and pull effects in residential location choice. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 111:515, 1061-1074
  93. Zeale, M.R.K, Bennitt, E., Newson, S.E., Packman, C., Browne, W.J., Harris, S., Jones, G., and Steone, E. (2016) Mitigating the Impact of Bats in Historic Churches: the Response of Natterer’s baths Myotis nattereri to Artificial Roosts and Deterrence. PloS One 11 (1)
  94. Zhang, Z., Parker, R.M.A., Charlton, C.M.J., Leckie, G. and Browne, W.J. (2016) R2MLwiN: A package to run MLwiN from within R. Journal of Statistical Software.
  95. Rowe, E.C., Browne, W.J., Casey, R.A., Gruffydd-Jones, T.J. and Murray, J.K. (2017). Early-life risk factors identified for owner-reported feline overweight and obesity at around two years of age. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 143, 39-48
  96. Deakin, A., Mendl, M., Browne, W.J., Paul, E.S., and Hodge, J.J.L. (2018). State-dependent judgement bias in Drosophila: evidence for evolutionarily primitive affective processes Biology letters 14 (2), 20170779
  97. Goldstein, H., Charlton, C. and Browne, W.J.. (2018). A Bayesian model for measurement and misclassification errors alongside missing data, with an application to higher education participation in Australia. Journal of Applied Statistics 45- 918-931
  98. Goldstein, H., Leckie, G, Charlton, C., Tilling, K. and Browne W.J. (2018) Multilevel growth curve models that incorporate a random coefficient model for the level 1 variance function. Statistical Methods in Medical Research
  99. Percie du Sert, N., Hurst, V. Ahluwalia,A., Alam,S., Altman, D.G., Avey, M.T.,  Baker, M. Browne, W.J., Clark, A.  Cuthill, I.C., Dirnagl, U., Emerson, M., Garner,P.  Howells,D.W.,  Karp,N.A.,  MacCallum,C.J., Macleod,M., Petersen,O.,  Rawle,F., Reynolds,P., Rooney,K. Sena,E.S., Silberberg,S.D., Steckler,T., Würbel,H. and  Holgate, S.T. (2018) Revision of the ARRIVE guidelines: rationale and scope. BMJ Open Science.
  100. Zeale, M.R.K., Stone, E.L., Zeale, E., Browne, W.J., Harris, S. and Jones, G. (2018) Experimentally manipulating light spectra reveals the importance of dark corridors for commuting bats. Global change biology 24 (12), 5909-5918.
  101. Lidster, K., Owen, K., Browne, W.J. and Prescott, M.J. (2019) Cage aggression in group-housed laboratory male mice: an international data crowdsourcing project. Scientific Reports 9 (1) 1-12
  102. Leckie, G., Browne, W. J., Goldstein, H., Merlo, J., & Austin, P. C. (2020). Partitioning variation in multilevel models for count data. Psychological Methods, 25(6), 787–801. 
  103. Huitsing, G., Lodder, G.M.A., Browne, W.J., Oldenburg, B., van der Ploeg, R., Veenstra, R. (2020) A Large-Scale Replication of the Effectiveness of the KiVa Antibullying Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial in the Netherlands. Prevention Science. 21: 627-638
  104. Percie du Sert, N., Ahluwalia,A., Alam,S., Avey, M.T., Baker, M. Browne, W.J., Clark, A. Cuthill, I.C., Dirnagl, U., Emerson, M., Garner,P. Holgate, S.T., Howells,D.W., Hurst,V. Karp,N.A., Lidster, K., MacCallum,C.J., Macleod,M., Pearl, E.J., Petersen,O., Rawle,F., Reynolds,P., Rooney,K. Sena,E.S., Silberberg,S.D., Steckler,T. and Würbel,H. (2020) ARRIVE 2019 Explanations and Elaboration: updated guidelines to improve the reporting of in vivo experiments. PLos Biology. 18- 7 e30000411
  105. Percie du Sert, N., Hurst,V. Ahluwalia,A., Alam,S., Avey, M.T., Baker, M. Browne, W.J., Clark, A. Cuthill, I.C., Dirnagl, U., Emerson, M., Garner, P. Holgate, S.T., Howells,D.W., Karp,N.A., Lidster, K., MacCallum,C.J., Macleod,M., Petersen,O., Rawle,F., Reynolds,P., Rooney,K. Sena,E.S., Silberberg,S.D., Steckler,T. and Würbel,H. (2020) The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: updated guidelines for reporting animal research. Plos Biology. [Note also published in BMC Veterinary Research, BMJ Open Science, British Journal of Pharmacology, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, Experimental Physiology and the Journal of Physiology]
  106. Statham, P., Hannuna, S, Jones, S., Campbell, N, Colborne, G.R., Browne, W.J., Paul, E.S. and Mendl, M. (2020) Quantifying defence cascade responses as indicators of pig affect and welfare using computer vision methods. Scientific Reports 10(1) 1-13.
  107. Gorman, L., Browne, W. J., Woods, C.J., Eisler, M.C., van Wijk, M.T., Dowsey, A.W. and Hammond, J. (2021). What's stopping knowledge synthesis? A systematic review of recent practices in research on smallholder diversity. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 5:395.
  108. Hoicka, E. Soy-Telli, B., Prouten, E., Leckie, G., Browne,W.J., Nurmsoo,E. and Gattis, M. (2021) The Early Social Cognition Inventory (ESCI): A Valid and Reliable Parent-Report Measure of Social Cognition from Birth to 47 Months. Behavior Research Methods. 1-27
  109. Hoicka, E. Soy-Telli, B., Prouten, E., Leckie, G., Browne,W.J., Nurmsoo,E. and Gattis, M. (2021) The Early Humor Survey (EHS): A Valid and Reliable Parent-Report Measure of Humour from 1 to 47 months. Behavior Research Methods.
  110. McCarthy, L.P., Orton, C.M., Watson, N.A., Gregson, F.K.A., Haddrell, A.E., Browne, W.J., Calder, J.D., Costello, D., Reid, J.P., Shah, P.L. and Bzdek, B.R. (2021) Aerosol and Droplet Generation from Performing with Woodwind and Brass Instruments. Aerosol Science and Technology. 55 (11) 1277-87
  111. Rooney, N.J., Wonham, K., Casey, R.A., Blackwell, E.J. and Browne W.J. (2021) Weekly and daily tooth brushing by care staff reduces gingivitis and calculus in racing greyhounds. Animals. 11(7) 1869
  112. van Erp, S. and Browne, W.J. (2021) Bayesian multilevel structural equation modeling: An investigation into robust, default prior distributions. Structural Equation Modelling. 28(6) 875-893
  113. Archer, J., McCarthy, L.P., Symons, H.E., Watson, N.A., Orton, C.M., Browne, W.J., Harrison, J., Moseley, B., Philip, K.E.J., Calder, J.D., Shah, P.L., Bzdek, B.R., Costello, D., Reid, J.P. (2022) Comparing aerosol number and mass exhalation rates for children and adults breathing, speaking and singing. Interface Focus 12 (2) 20210078
  114. Paul, E.S., Browne. W.J., Mendl, M.T., Caplen, G., Trevarthen, A., Held, S. and Nicol,C.J. (2022) Assessing animal welfare: a triangulation of preference, judgement bias and other candidate welfare indicators. Animal Behaviour, 186, 151-177
  115. Orton, C.M., Symons, H.E., Moseley, B., Archer, J., Watson, N.A., Philip, K.E.J., Sheikh, S., Saccente-Kennedy, B, Costello, D., Browne, W.J., Calder, J.D., Bzdek, B.R., Hull, J.H., Reid, J.P/. Shah, P.L. (2022) Exercise, Speaking and Breathing at Rest: a Comparison of Aerosol Mass Emission. Communications medicine 2 (1), 1-9
  116. Gallo Cordoba, B., Leckie, G. and Browne, W.J. (2022) Decomposing ethnic achievement gaps across multiple levels of analysis and for multiple ethnic groups: A mediation approach. Sociological Methodology, 00811750221099503
  117. Saccente-Kennedy, B. Archer, J., Symons, H.E., Watson, N.A., Orton, C.M., Browne,W.J, Harrison,J., Calder,J., Shah,P.L., Costello D., Reid, J.P., Bzdek, B.R., Epstein, R. (2022) Quantification of Respirable Aerosol Particles from Speech and Language Therapy Exercises Journal of Voice
  118. Zhang, J. and Browne, W.J. (2022). Assessing Chinese high school students’ scientific argumentation competence (SAC) using a three-components framework and exploring SAC as a progression of competences. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 60:847-884
  119. Harrison J., Saccente-Kennedy, B., Orton, C.M., McCarthy, L.P., Archer, J., Symons, H.E., Szczepanska, A., Watson, N.A., Browne, W.J., Moseley, B., Philip, K.E.J., Hull, J.H., Calder, J.D., Costello, D., Shah, P.L., Epstein, R., Reid, J.P. and Bzdek, B.R. (2023). Emission rates, size distributions, and generation mechanism of oral respiratory droplets. Aerosol Science and Technology 57(3) 187-199. 
  120. Paul, E.S., Browne, W.J., Mendl, M.T., Caplen, G., Held, S., Trevarthen, A. and Nicol, C.J. (2023). Affective trajectories: Are hens influenced by positive and negative changes in their living conditions? Applied Animal Behaviour Science 261, 10588
  121. Browne, W.J., Charlton, C.M., Price, T., Leckie, G. and Steele, F.A. (2023). Optimising the use of simulation methods in multilevel sample size calculations. Submitted.
  122. Szczepanska, A., Harrison J., Saccente-Kennedy, B., Archer, J., Watson, N.A. , Orton, C.M., Browne, W.J., Epstein, R., Calder, J.D., Shah, P.L., Costello, D., Bzdek, B.R. and Reid, J.P. (2023) The Filtration Efficiency of Surgical Masks for Expiratory Aerosol and Droplets Generated by Vocal Exercises. Submitted.
  123. Tian, J., Symons, H.E., Watson, N.A., Archer, J., McCarthy, L.P., Harrison, J., Kittle, M., Browne, W.J., Saccente-Kennedy, B., Epstein, R., Orton, C.M., Calder, J.D., Shah, P.L., Costello, D., Reid, J.P. and Bzdek, B.R. (2023). Comparisons of Aerosol Generation Across Different Musical Instruments and Sound Intensities. Submitted.
  124. Zhang, J. and Browne, W.J. (2023). Implementing and Reporting Assessment Development and Validation in Mixed-methods Research: Assessing Scientific Argumentation Competence. Submitted.
  125. Zhang, J., Yu, G. and Browne, W.J. (2023). Teachers’ language assessment literacy in the digital age: construct and affecting factors. Submitted.

Discussion Contributions/ Editorials

  1. Browne, W.J. (2006). Discussion of “Sentencing Convicted Felons in the United States: A Bayesian Analysis Using Multilevel Covariates by I. Pardoe and R.R. Weidner” Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference. 136: 1462-1465.
  2. Browne, W.J. and Goldstein, H. (2006). Discussion of “Double Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models” by J.A. Nelder and Y-J Lee Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series C. 55: 173-174
  3. Browne, W.J. and Steele, F. (2009) Editorial: Recent advances in multilevel modelling methodology and applications Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A. 172: 535-536

Other publications

  1. Browne, W.J. (1995). Applications of Hierarchical Modelling. MSc. thesis, University of Bath.
  2. Browne, W.J. (1998). Applying MCMC Methods to Multi-level Models. PhD. thesis, University of Bath.
  3. Browne, W.J. (2001). Review of ‘BRCAPRO: A model and software for genetic counselling of women at high risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.’ ISBA Bulletin 8(4).
  4. Pettifor, R.A., Sheldon, B.C., Browne, W.J., Rasbash J. and McCleery, R.H. (2003). Partitioning  of phenotypic variance in life-history traits in the great tit Parus Major. University of Nottingham Statistics Research Report 03-07.
  5. Sheldon, B.C., Pettifor, R.A., Browne, W.J., Rasbash J. and McCleery, R.H. (2003). Partitioning  of phenotypic covariance among life-history traits in the great tit Parus Major. University of Nottingham Statistics Research Report 03-08.
  6. Dryden, I.L., Mian, S., Browne, W.J, Handley, K., di Nisio, R. and Rees, R. (2005). Statistical Analysis of Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization (SELDI) Protein Chip Data from Breast Cancer Cell Lines exposed to Chemotherapeutic Agents. University of Nottingham Statistics Research report 05-02.
  7. Browne, W.J. (2008). Review of ‘Best Practices for Teaching Statistics and Research Methods in the Behavioural Sciences by DS Dunn, RA Smith and BC Beins.’ Animal Welfare 17, 415-416.
  8. Browne, W.J. (2010). Review of ‘Biostatistics for Animal Science by M. Kaps and W. Lamberson.’ Laboratory Animals.
  9. Browne, W.J. (2013). Review of ‘Bayesian Item Response Modeling: Theory and Applications. By J.P. Fox.  Australian and New Zealand Journal of Statistics
  10. Wilkinson, R., Latimer, N., Browne, W.J., Burgess, S., Campbell, M., Ellis, D., Filippi, S., Gandy, A., Hassan, I. and Vignoles, A. (2020), Statistical designs for studies seeking to understand COVID-19 transmission in schools. DELVE Addendum SCH-TD2. Published 24 July 2020. Available from http://rs-delve.github.io/addenda/2020/07/24/statistical-design-schools-report.html
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Professor William Browne

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