Based on Laura Lyddon’s successful PhD dissertation, this book, co-authored with Terrell Carver, takes a feminist-inspired understanding of gender as its starting point. It explains that gender is both an asymmetrical binary and a hierarchy; shows how masculinization works via ‘nested hierarchies’ of domination and subordination; explores the imbrication of masculinities with the nation-state and great-power politics; and develops an understanding of the arms trade within commercial processes of militarization.