The paper reports on concomitant measurements of exhaled carbon dioxide volume and minute ventilation, along with exhaled respiratory particles during breathing, exercising, speaking, and singing.

This represents the final paper arising from the PERFORM project, which measured the amount of respiratory aerosol individuals exhale when breathing, exercising, speaking, singing, playing musical instruments and participating in speech and language therapy.

These measurements informed public policy during the COVID-19 pandemic and provided new insights into the particles that can carry infectious pathogens.