REF 2021 results
An institution's REF 2021 outcome is presented as individual quality profiles for each subject area, showing the percentage of research meeting each of the four quality levels.
Overall quality profiles (percentage of research activity at each quality level)
Unit of Assessment | FTE Category A staff | 4* | 3* | 2* | 1* | U/C |
1 |
Clinical Medicine |
94.6 |
45% |
49% |
6% |
0% |
0% |
2 |
Public Health, Health Services and Primary Care |
152.6 |
71% |
26% |
3% |
0% |
0% |
4 |
Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience |
77.3 |
49% |
35% |
16% |
0% |
0% |
5 |
Biological Sciences |
70.5 |
58% |
37% |
5% |
0% |
0% |
6 |
Agriculture, Veterinary and Food Science |
31.2 |
49% |
45% |
6% |
0% |
0% |
7 |
Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences |
44.5 |
67% |
33% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
8 |
Chemistry |
64.2 |
74% |
26% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
9 |
Physics |
54.1 |
61% |
38% |
1% |
0% |
0% |
10 |
Mathematical Sciences |
85.9 |
70% |
28% |
2% |
0% |
0% |
11 |
Computer Science and Informatics |
59.2 |
68% |
32% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
12 |
Engineering |
157.3 |
58% |
40% |
2% |
0% |
0% |
14 |
Geography and Environmental Studies |
49.9 |
62% |
32% |
5% |
1% |
0% |
16 |
Economics and Econometrics |
39.0 |
48% |
49% |
3% |
0% |
0% |
17 |
Business and Management Studies |
76.6 |
32% |
56% |
11% |
0% |
1% |
18 |
Law |
63.5 |
59% |
34% |
6% |
1% |
0% |
19 |
Politics and International Studies |
32.8 |
37% |
55% |
8% |
0% |
0% |
20 |
Social Work and Social Policy |
47.1 |
71% |
27% |
2% |
0% |
0% |
21 |
Sociology |
24.4 |
37% |
48% |
15% |
0% |
0% |
22 |
Anthropology and Development Studies |
12.8 |
48% |
43% |
9% |
0% |
0% |
23 |
Education |
42.3 |
60% |
30% |
8% |
2% |
0% |
24 |
Sport and Exercise Sciences, Leisure and Tourism |
9.4 |
74% |
23% |
3% |
0% |
0% |
26 |
Modern Languages and Linguistics |
45.6 |
55% |
36% |
8% |
1% |
0% |
27 |
English Language and Literature |
40.7 |
43% |
46% |
11% |
0% |
0% |
28 |
History |
44.9 |
45% |
46% |
9% |
0% |
0% |
29 |
Classics |
15.0 |
40% |
51% |
9% |
0% |
0% |
30 |
Philosophy |
23.0 |
45% |
39% |
16% |
0% |
0% |
31 |
Theology and Religious Studies |
7.5 |
38% |
42% |
17% |
3% |
0% |
33 |
Music, Drama, Dance and Performing Arts, Film and Screen Studies |
28.1 |
58% |
25% |
17% |
0% |
0% |
Definitions of quality
Grade | Definition |
4* |
Quality that is world-leading in terms of originality, significance and rigour. |
3* |
Quality that is internationally excellent in terms of originality, significance and rigour but which falls short of the highest standards of excellence. |
2* |
Quality that is recognised internationally in terms of originality, significance and rigour. |
1* |
Quality that is recognised nationally in terms of originality, significance and rigour. |
Unclassified |
Quality that falls below the standard of nationally recognised work. Or work which does not meet the published definition of research for the purposes of this assessment. |