Responsible drone use in biodiversity conservation: Guidelines for environmental and conservation organisations
Drone technology has greatly expanded the possibilities for monitoring and protecting biodiversity and threatened landscapes. However, the potential capture of human data, and deployment in wildlife-rich and inhabited areas, can result in unforeseen social and ecological impacts. New best practice recommendations aim to minimise these risks and promote the benefits of drones for biodiversity conservation.
Drones are relatively inexpensive, enable visual data capture of, and across, vast and inaccessible places, and their small size and remote nature can facilitate less intrusive monitoring.
Drones can also empower new conservation actors, including Indigenous and local communities, who can use them to survey and protect their territories and ways of life.
However, awareness is needed of the potential problems of drone use, from disturbing local people and wildlife, capturing and circulating illegal activity leading to potential conflict, to ensuring the safety and security of drone operators.
Best practice recommendations:
- Consult, engage and/or collaborate with local communities.
- Train and brief any sub-contracted operators.
- Plan missions with awareness and to minimize disturbance.
- Understand the capabilities and limitations of your equipment and systems.
- Avoid capturing images of humans where features are identifiable unless that is the intention.
- Make yourself and your drone identifiable.
- Observe animal reactions and abort the mission if animals react negatively.
- Take off at good distance from animals’ sight or hearing and fly at the highest altitude possible.
- Avoid abrupt changes to the speed, altitude and direction.
- Take care with photographic and video data of people and culturally significant sites.
- Review permitted usage of footage and drone data with local communities.
- Dispose of hardware carefully to avoid environmental contamination.
Considerations for human communities

Considerations for wildlife

Further information
UAViators Humanitarian UAV Network, http://uaviators.org/docs
Mulero-Pázmány et al. (2017). Unmanned aircraft systems as a new source of disturbance for wildlife: A systematic review. PloS one 12, 1. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178448
Sandbrook et al. (2021). Principles for the socially responsible use of conservation monitoring technology and data. Conservation Science and Practice, 3(5), e374. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.374