Nearly 60% increase in UK households in serious financial difficulties, Bristol researchers find

Bristol researchers have found that there has been nearly a 60% increase in UK households in serious financial difficulties.

Press release issued: 11 July 2022

One in six UK households (4.4 million) are now in ‘serious financial difficulties’, compared to one in ten (2.8 million) in October 2021 – an additional 1.6 million households, according to a survey analysed by academics at Bristol’s Personal Finance Research Centre.

This is worse than any point during the pandemic. Of those 4.4 million in serious financial difficulties, to make ends meet 71% have reduced the quality of food they eat, 36% have sold or pawned possessions and 27% have cancelled or not renewed insurance.

Half of all households (51%) now consider their overall financial situation to be worse than at the start of the pandemic. When the same question was asked in October 2021, just one third thought their situation had deteriorated since March 2020.

The Coronavirus Financial Impact Tracker, commissioned by the abrdn Financial Fairness Trust and analysed by experts at Bristol, has been monitoring the personal finances of households since the start of the pandemic (sample around 6,000 people).

Since the last survey (October 2021), single parents have seen the greatest decline in financial wellbeing, with the proportion in serious financial difficulties rising from 23% to 37%. Other groups particularly hit include social renters, private renters and households with two children (all with a rise of more than ten percentage points). In addition to the 4.4 million in serious financial difficulties, a further 20% (5.7 million) are struggling financially. As a result, 36% (or over 10 million) of UK households are facing significant financial hardship (either in serious financial difficulties or struggling).

Researchers found people were using a variety of methods to tackle rising energy bills, since the start of January 2022:

31% had reduced the number of showers/baths taken.
60% had avoided turning on the heating.
33% had reduced use of the cooker/oven.
24% had heated only part of their home.

Just under one in five (18%) households had not undertaken any of these actions, meaning that the vast majority (82%) had tried to do at least something to counteract rising energy prices.

Another way people are trying to reduce outgoings is reducing their pension savings. 21% of those for whom their main income is from the ‘gig economy’ had stopped or reduced pension contributions. The numbers are lower for those who are self-employed (12%) or have at least one earner (9%), however, even these lower figures could have long-term significance for financial resilience.

The research shows some geographic variation in rates of households in serious financial difficulty. While overall 16% of UK households are in serious difficulties, this rises significantly to 22% for Wales, 21% for Scotland and 20% for the North East of England.

Looking to the next three months:

Half (50%) of households are worried about their ability to meet their gas or electricity bills.
Two in five (39%) are worried about their ability to cover food costs.
Three in ten (29%) are worried about their ability to meet their housing costs (rent or mortgage).

Nearly six in ten (58%) are very/quite worried about their financial situation, especially disabled households (72%) and those on receiving or applying for benefits (77%).

One measure the government introduced (in March 2022) to help with rising energy bills was the ‘Council Tax Rebate’, a refund of £150 of council tax to households living in properties in council tax bands A to D. The research indicates the reduction may not be reaching all those who needed it most. A similar proportion of households in serious financial difficulties (40%) reported receiving the rebate as those in a ‘secure’ financial position (41%). In addition, as much as a quarter (26%) of households with a gross annual income of over £100,000 reported receiving the rebate.

Professor Sharon Collard, Chair in Personal Finance at Bristol, said: “Lots of people are cutting back to cope with the cost of living crisis. What really surprised us was how many people are cutting back and the variety of methods. What is particularly worrying is that people are potential storing up future financial problems for themselves, by cancelling insurance or cutting their pension contributions.”

Mubin Haq, CEO of abrdn Financial Fairness Trust, said: “The latest findings from our survey starkly show that people are facing a significant squeeze to their finances. This is the first substantial deterioration we have seen since tracking people’s finances when the pandemic started. Times are tough for everyone, but it’s those on the lowest incomes who are particularly feeling the effects of rising prices. Many of the measures brought in by the government were welcome and generally well-targeted though as our analysis shows that is not always the case as highlighted by the council tax rebate. More worryingly these are short-term remedies.

“Wages have largely stagnated and are no longer keeping pace with inflation and social security is lower in real terms than it was over a decade ago. A more comprehensive and longer-term plan is urgently needed to ensure living standards do not sink even further.”

Further information

This analysis is based on data taken from a YouGov survey of 5,716 people. It was commissioned by abrdn Financial Fairness Trust for its financial impact tracker series, conducted from 25 May to 6 June 2022 and analysed by the Personal Finance Research Centre (University of Bristol). This is the sixth wave of the survey.

Approximately 40% of respondents had completed the survey prior to the Government’s announcement of new measures to address the cost of living crisis on 26 May.

Researchers explored whether there was any significant changes in respondents’ attitudes or confidence in future financial situation depending on whether they had completed the survey after the announcement or not. This showed no significant change, even when controlling for the changing profile of respondents over time.

The segmentation of households into four categories (‘in serious difficulty’, ‘struggling’, ‘exposed’ and ‘secure’) is based on various measures of financial strain and financial resilience for the coming months:

Assessment of current financial situation;
How much of a struggle to pay for food and other necessities;
How much of a struggle to pay bills and other commitments;
Arrears including payment holidays on bills and household commitments;
Ability to cover an unexpected bill equivalent to a month’s income;
How long could make ends meet if experienced a fall in income of a third or more;
Amount held in savings.

Those with a score of less than 30 out of 100 were deemed to be in serious financial difficulty; scores of 30-49 were taken as indicative of struggling to make ends meet and scores of 50 to 79 of being potentially exposed financially. By way of example, 81% of households in our ‘in serious difficulties’ category find it a ‘constant struggle’ to meet their bills, whereas 80% of households in our ‘struggling’ category say they ‘struggle from time to time’ – and this falls to 57% of those in our ‘exposed’ category. Full details of the methodology employed can be found in Kempson, Finney and Poppe (2017) Financial Wellbeing: A Conceptual Model and Preliminary Analysis.

About abrdn Financial Fairness Trust:

abrdn Financial Fairness Trust funds research, policy work and campaigning activities to tackle financial problems and improve living standards for people on low-to-middle incomes in the UK. It is an independent charitable trust registered in Scotland.

abrdn Financial Fairness Trust was known as Standard Life Foundation until December 2021.

About the Coronavirus Financial Impact Tracker:

The tracker is carried out on a regular basis by YouGov. People in Northern Ireland, Wales, England and Scotland are asked about their income, payment of bills, borrowing, debt, savings and other financial changes, including their ability to pay for essentials such as food. Respondents are randomly recruited from YouGov's online panel. The base for analysis is persons who are responsible for the household finances. Non-householders who are responsible only for own personal finances (most of whom were aged under 25 and lived at home with their parents) are not included in the analysis for this report.

The tracker identifies the demographic characteristics and socio-economic circumstances of who has been affected, as well as the strategies that are being used by people who have been adversely affected by the crisis to make ends meet. It also identifies how many and what types of people, are expecting their financial circumstances to deteriorate over the coming months. The report covers the UK population as a whole, as well and the four individual nations of the UK. Within England, it identifies the regions where the impact has been greatest.

The tracker monitors levels of anxiety stemming from financial issues and the use of, as well as potential need for, money guidance, debt advice or further support from government or other agencies. The report identifies the numbers of people using government support such as the jobs retention scheme and support for the self-employed and those facing a drop in income that are not covered by either of these measures. It provides a regular picture of how the nation is responding to the economic shock created by the crisis.

Previous editions are available on the Trust’s website.