Read the texts and identify the patterns of organisation.

With the advent of globalisation, English has developed a more plural sense under the name of World Englishes (WE) denoting that ‘English is used a language of communication without necessarily being a language of identification’ (Erling, 2005, p. 40). To put it another way, English is no longer limited to one place, culture or people but is increasingly being used as a medium for worldwide communication. As an attempt to embrace the norm of English as an International Language (EIL), it is important to re-examine some issues and concerns regarding native speakers in Korea. To this end, a body of literature in relation to Korean context will be reviewed in detail. Closely looking at the status quo in terms of students and parents’ perception of the native speakers in my school, some practical and comprehensive strategies to promote a better understanding of native speaker and ELT will be proposed. 

Homelessness has been an issue in this country for many centuries and the problem is not diminishing. Literature shows that between the 7th and 16th Centuries, vagabonds were punished by jail on the presumption that they were unlicensed beggars (McIntosh, 1998; The Nomad Trust, 2009); in the 16th Century the number of vagrants was estimated at 20,000. It was at this point that the state realised they needed to address the problem and set up Bridewells to house them (St Mungos, 2009). These were followed by 18th Century Workhouses which were then succeeded by Spikes in the 20th Century. As the numbers of homeless grew during the latter part of the 20th Century so did public concern. In 1977 the Government introduced the Housing Act to strengthen the sense of responsibility of local authorities to the homeless (Fitzpatrick, Kemp & Klinker, 2000); this was updated in 1996 and again in 2002 (Homelessness Act, 2002).

The Department for Communities and Local Governments (2009) identified reasons for homelessness, including relationship breakdown, mortgage/rent arrears and end of tenancy agreements. However, Homeless Link (2009) extends these further to include other causes of homelessness: mental health issues, drug misuse/alcohol dependency, those who have been in care, prison or the armed forces and other groups such as ethnic minorities, refugees and asylum seekers. Homelessness is not just attributable to one factor; therefore it requires many different strategies to bring about its elimination. Although the Government and charities are working hard to solve this problem, it just doesn’t seem to be enough.

Retail is a rapidly changing market and with the recent demise of many well known high-street retailers, this report looks to understand how technology is shaping operations. First looking at the direct effects technology has had on retail operations, it is clear that there are a variety of benefits which result from its implementation. One of these benefits is alluded to in the second part of the report which identifies where technology can aid operational strategy. However, the research also suggests that these benefits can also come with drawbacks in quality and overall output. These are just two factors demanded by the consumer in an ever increasing diversity of expectation, a diversity explained in the final section. It is fair to suggest that the presence of technology has risen dramatically in past decades, however, it is the sophisticated development that has made IT increasingly utilised by retail firms across the world